The Smackover Oil Field in Union County, Arkansas, was discovered in 1922 and quickly became one of the most important oil fields in the United States. The boom truly began on July 1, 1922, when the Richardson No. 1 well came in as a gusher, drawing national attention. Almost overnight, the quiet town of Smackover, with a population of about 100, swelled to over 25,000 people.