15:45 On January 9, 1862, the brig Elizabeth Watts departed Philadelphia carrying 1,329 barrels of crude oil and kerosene, marking the first U.S. petroleum export to Europe. This shipment represented a key milestone in the young American oil industry, demonstrating the international demand for energy resources just three years after Edwin Drake's first successful well. The cargo included 901 barrels of crude oil and 428 barrels of refined kerosene, enough to supply lighting needs for several European towns at the time. The U.S. population in 1862 was around 31 million, highlighting the nation's rapid entry into global energy markets despite the ongoing Civil War.